The Students
	In a typical year, between 5-10 undergraduate students carry out research projects in the Orchid Recovery Program, including freshmen and sophomores. During the Fall and Spring semesters, most experiments are conducted indoors using the lab space and greenhouse. In the summer, students work primarily outdoors gaining valuable field experience to complement the laboratory techniques they have learned. During the past decade (2000-2010), students have travelled to orchid habitats in Hawaii, Mexico, Costa Rica, Pacific Northwest, South Florida, as well as prairie sites here in the Midwest. Students in the Orchid Recovery Program often collaborate with leading experts and organizations from around the world, including: The National Tropical Botanical Garden (Kauai, Hawaii) The Morton Arboretum (Lisle, IL) Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Panjab University, Chandigarh, India University of Florida, Gainesville Armstrong Atlantic State University, Georgia Wittenberg University, Ohio Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Emily E. Massey (center) at an orchid habitat in the mountains of central Mexico in 2006.   Many of our students eventually pursue graduate studies, and several have used their research experience to gain entry into PhD programs directly upon graduation from IC. Below are some examples of students who have worked in the Orchid Recovery Program, and the professional program they entered immediately after graduating from IC:   Darcie Dennis   Univ. Southern Mississippi (MS) Amber Furnes   Univ. South Dakota (MS) Ray Geroff   Western Illinois University (MS) Jared Hartsock   Washington University, St. Louis (PhD) Sarah Hopkins   University Alaska-Fairbanks (PhD) Lynnaun Johnson   Western Illinois University (MS) Annie Kirk   Michigan State University (PhD) Emily Massey   University of Florida (MS) Katie Miller   Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville (MS) Lillian Moller-Jacobs   Penn St. Univ. (PhD) Kurt Piskin   University of Illinois (MS) Sarah Poulter   Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville (MS) James (JJ) Sadler   University of Florida (MS) Scott Stewart   University of Florida (PhD) Dustin Swanson   Clemson University (MS) Jennifer Sunley   Illinois State University (MS) Megan Wilson   University of Wyoming (MS) Erin Wood   University of Florida (MS) Haleigh Ray    University of Florida (MS) John McCormick   East Tennessee State University (MS)   Each student is encouraged to present research at regional, national or international scientific meetings leading to a published abstract. Some have also served as co-authors on peer-reviewed scientific papers. For more information about the Orchid Recovery Program at Illinois College, please contact: Dr. Lawrence W. Zettler

	Publications with undergraduate student co-authors (denoted in bold)
	Zettler, LW, F Barrington, and TM McInnis, Jr. 1995. Developmental morphology of Spiranthes odorata (Orchidaceae) in symbiotic culture. Lindleyana 10: 211-216. Zettler, LW and CJ Hofer. 1997. Sensitivity of Spiranthes odorata seeds to light during in vitro symbiotic seed germination. Lindleyana 12: 26-29. Zettler, LW, T Wilson Delaney and JA Sunley. 1998. Seed propagation of the epiphytic green-fly orchid (Epidendrum conopseum) using its endophytic fungus. Selbyana 19: 249-253. Zettler, LW and CJ Hofer. 1998. Propagation of the little club-spur orchid (Platanthera clavellata) by symbiotic seed germination, and its ecological implications. Environmental and Experimental Botany 39: 189-195. Zettler, LW, JC Burkhead, and JA Marshall. 1999. Use of a mycorrhizal fungus from Epidendrum conopseum to propagate Encyclia tampensis from seed in vitro. Lindleyana 14: 102-105. Zettler, LW, JA Sunley, and T Wilson Delaney. 2000. Symbiotic seed germination of an orchid in decline (Platanthera integra) from the Green Swamp, North Carolina. Castanea 65: 207-212. Yoder, JA, LW Zettler, and SL Stewart. 2000. Water requirements of terrestrial and epiphytic orchid seeds and seedlings, and evidence for water uptake by means of mycotrophy. Plant Science 156: 145-150. Zettler, LW, SL Stewart, ML Bowles, and KA Jacobs. 2001. Mycorrhizal fungi and cold-assisted symbiotic germination of the Federally threatened eastern prairie fringed orchid, Platanthera leucophaea (Nuttall) Lindley. American Midland Naturalist 145: 168-175. Bowles, ML, KA Jacobs, LW Zettler, and T Wilson Delaney. 2002. Crossing effects on seed viability and experimental germination of the Federal threatened eastern prairie fringed orchid, Platanthera leucophaea (Nuttall) Lindley. Rhodora 104: 14-30. Stewart, SL, and LW Zettler. 2002. Symbiotic germination of three semi-aquatic rein orchids (Habenaria macroceratitis, H. quinqueseta, H. repens) from Florida. Aquatic Botany 72: 25-35. Yoder, JA, PE Hanson, LW Zettler, JB Benoit, F Ghisays, and KA Piskin. 2003. Internal and external mycoflora of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae) and its ecological implications. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 69: 4994-4996. Stewart, SL, LW Zettler, J Minso, and PM Brown. 2003. Symbiotic germination and reintroduction of Spiranthes brevilabris Lindley, an endangered orchid native to Florida. Selbyana 24: 64-70. Zettler, LW, KA Piskin, SL Stewart, JJ Hartsock, ML Bowles, and TJ Bell. 2005. Protocorm mycobionts of a Federally threatened orchid, Platanthera leucophaea, and a technique to promote leaf formation in seedlings. Studies in Mycology 53: 163-171. Zettler, LW, S Perlman, DJ Dennis, SE Hopkins, and SB Poulter. 2005. Symbiotic germination of the Federally endangered Hawaiian endemic, Platanthera holochila (Orchidaceae) using a mycobiont from Florida: a conservation dilemma. Selbyana 26(1,2): 269-276. Zettler, LW, SB Poulter, KI McDonald, and SL Stewart. 2007. Conservation-driven propagation of an epiphytic orchid (Epidendrum nocturnum) with a mycorrhizal fungus. HortScience 42(1): 135-139. Massey, EE and LW Zettler. 2007. An expanded role for in vitro symbiotic seed germination as a conservation tool: two case studies in North America (Platanthera leucophaea and Epidendrum nocturnum). Proceedings of the 3rd International Orchid Conservation Congress, Lankesteriana 7(1,2): 303-308. Sadler, JJ, JM Smith, LW Zettler, H. T. Alborn, and LW Richardson. 2011. Fragrance composition of Dendrophylax lindenii (Lindley) Bentham ex Rolfe (Orchidaceae), using a novel technique applied in situ. European Journal Environmental Science 1(2): 137-141.   Zettler, L.W., L.L. Corey, L.W. Richardson, A. Y. Ross, and L. Moller-Jacobs. 2011. Protocorms of an epiphytic orchid, (Epidendrum amphistomum A. Richard) recovered in situ, and subsequent identification of associated mycorrhizal fungi using molecular markers. European Journal Environmental Sciences 1(2): 108-114.   Zettler, LW, EM Wood, LJAN Johnson, A Kirk, and S Perlman. 2011. Seed propagation and re-introduction of the U.S. Federally endangered Hawaiian endemic, Platanthera holochila (Hbd.) Krz. (Orchidaceae). European Journal Environmental Sciences 1(2): 80-94.   Ray, HA, J McCormick, AL Stice, I Stocks, and LW Zettler. 2012. Occurrence of Biosduval scale, Diaspisboisduvalii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), on native epiphytic orchids in Collier Co., Florida, including Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve. Florida Entomologist 95: 311-317.

	Published abstracts with undergraduate student co-authors (denoted in bold)
	Hofer, CJ, and LW Zettler. 1996. The role of white light photoperiod on the in vitro seed germination of Spiranthes odorata (Nutt.) Lindley (Orchidaceae) in symbiotic culture. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 43: 110. Mariner, DJ and LW Zettler. 1996. The effect and importance of prolonged seed and fungus storage on in vitro symbiotic seed germination of the endangered monkey-face orchid (Platanthera integrilabia). Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 43: 138. Crock, CJ, LW Zettler, and DL Wyrick. 1997. Factors contributing to the enormity of an orchid population in the Blue Ridge of Tennessee. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 44: 125. Sunley, JA, T Wilson Delaney, and LW Zettler. 1998. Seed propagation of the epiphytic green-fly orchid, Epidendrum conopseum, using its endophytic fungus: confirmation of mycorrhizal symbiosis. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 45: 133. Burkhead, JC, JA Marshall, and LW Zettler. 1998. In vitro symbiotic seed germination of the Florida butterfly orchid, Encyclia tampensis: evidence for non-specificity for mycorrhizal fungi by an epiphytic orchid. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 45: 132. Zettler, LW, JA Sunley, and T Wilson Delaney. 1999. Symbiotic micropropagation of the yellow fringless-orchid, Platanthera integra, from the Green Swamp, North Carolina. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 46: 182. Marshall, JA, OB Reid, and LW Zettler. 1999. A beneficial effect of low seed density on the development of Encyclia tampensis (Orchidaceae): first demonstration for an epiphytic orchid. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 46: 164. Stewart, SL, LW Zettler, ML Bowles, and KA Jacobs. 2000. Refining the technique of symbiotic seed germination on a Federal-threatened orchid, Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindley. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 47: 146. Brooks, MM and LW Zettler. 2000. Symbiotic seed germination of the northern oval-ladies' tresses, Spiranthes ovalis Lindley var. erostellata Catling. Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin 47:147. Stewart, SL, LW Zettler, ML Bowles, and KA Jacobs. 2001. Symbiotic germination and mycorrhizal fungi of a Federally threatened orchid, Platanthera leucophaea. Southeastern Biology 48: 150. Hudgens, HA, SL Stewart, and LW Zettler. 2001. Symbiotic germination of the rein orchids (Habenaria macroceratitis, H. quinqueseta, H. repens), and a description of orchid mycorrhizal fungi from Florida. Southeastern Biology 48: 166. Zettler, LW, EL Maxwell, and SL Stewart. 2001. Do herbarium specimens harbor viable orchid seeds and mycorrhizal fungi for use in conservation? Southeastern Biology 48: 149. Minso, J, SL Stewart, LW Zettler, and PM Brown. 2001. Seed germination and re-introduction of an endangered orchid (Spiranthes brevilabris) from Florida. Southeastern Biology 48: 167. Stevens, JA, DJ Dennis, and LW Zettler. 2002. A survey of the dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) of Lincoln's New Salem State Historic Site, Menard Co., Illinois. Southeastern Biology 49: 202. Wagoner, CS, AL Stice, SL Stewart, and LW Zettler. 2002. Seed propagation of Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. (Orchidaceae) using mycorrhizal fungi from two genera (Epulorhiza and Ceratorhiza). Southeastern Biology 49: 168. Hartsock, JJ, KA Piskin, and LW Zettler. 2003. Symbiotic seed germination of two showy terrestrial orchids (Platanthera ciliaris, P. cristata; Orchidaceae) using mycorrhizal fungi. Southeastern Biology 50: 149. Piskin, KA, JJ Hartsock, LW Zettler, and ML Bowles. 2003. Seed germination requirements of a Federally threatened orchid (Platanthera leucophaea) in nature, and a technique to establish leaf-bearing seedlings onto soil. Southeastern Biology 50: 170. Yoder, JA, PE Hanson, LW Zettler, JB Benoit, F Ghisays, and KA Piskin. 2003. Internal and external mycoflora of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variablis (Acari: Ixodidae), and its ecological implications. Council on Undergraduate Research, Muskingum College, New Concord, OH. Bell, TJ, ML Bowles, LW Zettler, and S Poulter. 2004. Crossing effects on seed viability, germination, and protocorm growth of the Federal threatened eastern prairie fringed orchid (Platanthera leucophaea). 31st Annual Natural Areas Conference, Chicago, IL. Hopkins, SE, SB Poulter, LW Zettler, and S Perlman. 2005. Symbiotic germination and mycorrhizal fungi of a Federally endangered Hawaiian endemic, Platanthera holochila (Orchidaceae). Butler University Undergraduate Research Conference, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN. Poulter, SB, KI McDonald, SE Hopkins, and LW Zettler. 2005. Comparative effects of light and media on the cultivation of rare orchids native to Florida. Butler University Undergraduate Research Conference, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN. McDonald, KI, SE Hopkins, S Perlman, and LW Zettler. 2006. The status and propagation of the Federally endangered Hawaiian endemic, Platanthera holochila (Orchidaceae). Southeastern Biology 53: 208. Kutosky, W, KI McDonald, SB Poulter, and LW Zettler. 2006. Conservation-driven seed propagation and reintroduction of Epidendrum nocturnum (Orchidaceae) with a mycorrhizal fungus. Southeastern Biology 53: 201. Turnquist, RL, AK Kirk, AR Morrison, S Perlman, and LW Zettler. 2008. In vitro seed germination and development of the Federally endangered Hawaiian endemic, Platanthera holochila (Orchidaceae) - an update. Transactions Illinois Academy Sciences (Volume 101 supplement: 61). Massey, EE, LW Zettler, SL Stewart, and LW Richardson. 2008. Substrate preferences of epiphytic orchids (seedlings, juveniles, mature plants) within the Florida Panther Refuge NWR. Transactions Illinois Academy Sciences (Volume 101 supplement: 62). Kirk, AK, LW Zettler, RL Turnquist, and S Perlman. 2008. In vitro and in situ seed germination of the Federally endangered Hawaiian orchid, Platanthera holochila. 8th Annual University Illinois - Springfield Research Symposium. (A Kirk's presentation won "best paper" award at conference) Geroff, RK, LJAN Johnson, D Marin, and LW Zettler. 2009. A preliminary survey of the micro-arthropods inhabiting terrestrial substrates near Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve, Costa Rica. Transactions Illinois Academy Sciences (Volume 102 supplement: 61). Hamilton, PW, LM Reuschel, and LW Zettler. 2009. Color preferences of day-flying insects inhabiting disturbed and undisturbed sites near Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve, Costa Rica. Transactions Illinois Academy Sciences (Volume 102 supplement: 59). (P. Hamilton's presentation was awarded 2nd place for undergraduate oral presentation, Zoology section) Johnson, LJAN, LW Zettler, and S Perlman. 2009. An update on asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro development of the Federally endangered Hawaiian endemic, Platanthera holochila (Orchidaceae). Transactions Illinois Academy Sciences (Volume 102, supplement: 43). Yates, AD, LW Zettler, S Perlman, and H Oppenheimer. 2010. Agar to soil seedling establishment of the Federally endangered Hawaiian endemic, Platanthera holochila (Orchidaceae), in vitro. Transactions Illinois Academy Sciences (Volume 103 supplement: 73). Smith, JM, JJ Sadler, LW Zettler, HT Alborn, and LW Richardson. 2010. Floral fragrance composition of the ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Lindley) Bentham ex Rolfe (Orchidaceae). Transactions Illinois Academy Sciences (Volume 103 supplement: 74). (J. Smith's presentation was awarded 2nd place for undergraduate oral presentation, Botany section) Zimmerman, CC, LW Zettler, LW Richardson. 2010. In vitro seedling development of the Florida clamshell orchid, Prosthechea cochleata (L.) W.E. Higgins var. triandra (Ames) W.E. Higgins, on three different asymbiotic media. Transactions Illinois Academy Sciences (Volume 103 supplement: 74). Sadler, JJ, JM Smith, LW Zettler, HT Alborn, JA Zettler, and LW Richardson. 2010. Floral fragrance of the ghost orchid, Dendrophylax lindenii (Lindl.) Bentham ex Rolfe (Orchidaceae), and a novel technique for headspace collection in situ for epiphytic plants. 10th Annual University Illinois - Springfield Research Symposium. (J Sadler's talk won "best presentation" award at conference) Wood, EM, LL Moller-Jacobs, T Fugate, David, SE, LW Zettler, and S Perlman. 2011. Ex vitro soil establishment and reintroduction of the Federally endangered Hawaiian endemic, Platanthera holochila (Orchidaceae). Transactions Illinois State Academy Sciences (Volume 104, Supplement 80-81). Furness, AN, J Fortney, and LW Zettler. 2011. Viability assessment of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in prolonged cool (4-6 C) storage to benefit conservation. Transactions Illinois State Academy Sciences (Volume 104, Supplement 82). Fugate, T, AN Furness, JA Zettler, LW Zettler, and LW Richardson. 2011. Incidence of pestiferous scales (Hemiptera: Asterolecaniidae, Coccidae, Diaspididae), on epiphytic orchids in the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge. Transactions Illinois State Academy Sciences (Volume 104, Supplement 81-82). Moller-Jacobs, LL, AY Ross, LL Corey, LW Zettler, and LW Richardson. 2011. Protocorms of an epiphytic orchid (Epidendrum amphistomum) recovered in situ, and identification of associated mycorrhizal fungi using molecular markers. Transactions Illinois State Academy Sciences (Volume 104, Supplement 81). (NB: L. Moller-Jacobs' presentation awarded 2nd place, Botany section) Ray, HA, LW Zettler, and G Sternberg. 2011. A preliminary survey of the Class Insecta at Starhill Forest Arboretum (Menard Co., IL). Transactions Illinois State Academy Sciences (Volume 104, Supplement 97-98). Fortney, J, AN Furness, and LW Zettler. 2011. Viability assessment of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in prolonged cool (4-6 C) storage to benefit conservation. 11th Annual University Illinois - Springfield Research Symposium. Ross, AY, LL Moller-Jacobs, LL Corey, LW Zettler, and LW Richardson. 2011. Protocorms of an epiphytic orchid (Epidendrum amphistomum) recovered in situ, and identification of associated mycorrhizal fungi using molecular (ITS) markers. 11th Annual University Illinois - Springfield Research Symposium. (NB: A. Ross' presentation won "best paper" award at conference) McCormick, J, HA Ray, AL Stice, I Stocks, and LW Zettler. 2012. Occurrence of Boisduval scale, Diaspis boisduvalii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), on native epiphytic orchids in Collier Co., Florida, including Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve. Transactions Illinois State Academy Sciences (Supplement to Volume 105, p. 90). Ray, HA, LW Zettler, and LW Richardson. 2012. A survey of the insects inhabiting the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge, including first documentation of the Mexican bromeliad weevil, Metamasius callizona (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Transactions Illinois State Academy Sciences (Supplement to Volume 105, p. 90). David, SE, H Oppenheimer, SP Perlman, A Palomino, and LW Zettler. 2012. Survival assessment of Platanthera (Peristylus) holochila (Orchidaceae) seedlings in vitro and following reintroduction in Hawaii. Transactions Illinois State Academy Sciences (Supplement to Volume 105, p. 64). (NB: S. David's presentation awarded 2nd place, Botany section) Ray, HA, J McCormick, AL Stice, I Stocks, and LW Zettler. 2012. Occurrence of Boisduval scale, Diaspis boisduvalii (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), on native epiphytic orchids in Collier Co., Florida, including Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve. University Illinois-Springfield Student Arts and Research Symposium (brochure, p. 19).